Thursday, September 3, 2020

From What I Can Remember free essay sample

On the off chance that you’ve ever lost somebody who was near you, now and again it very well may be difficult to recollect explicit insights regarding that individual. Some of the time I feel like regardless of how enthusiastically I attempt to recollect things about my dad, there are particular highlights I can’t appear to review. It’s simple to overlook the manner in which he grinned, how he giggled, how he smelled, and now and then its difficult to recollect the sound of his voice. Obviously, it is anything but difficult to look at an image and review physical highlights about him, yet no photo will ever have the option to catch his feelings or particular attributes that I saw as fascinating about him. A few times I additionally think that its difficult to recall his physical qualities that I adored most. There are a few subtleties that I realize I will always remember. In any case, at that point there are those subtleties that escape my attention. By one way or another I have discovered it is simpler for me to recollect most insights regarding my dad from when I was a young lady contradicted to recollections of him as I got more established. We will compose a custom article test on From What I Can Remember or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I like to reflect back and consider minutes we shared together. I can review when I was a young lady how I used to slither up onto my father’s lap. He would sit in his enormous, old, dark seat and skip me here and there on his knee until one of us got drained. I would run my small fingers through the dim strands that sat upon his head. The difference between his debris shaded hair and mulatto appearance made me wonder why individuals consistently said I seemed as though him. It could have been his unkept eyebrows that made an odd, dark way over the highest point of his face. Or then again perhaps it was on the grounds that we had similar eyes. His appeared as though profound pools of earthy colored nectar that got immersed with salty tears on a greater number of events than I can review. He would lean his face against mine. I despised the inclination and would rapidly turn my head the other way. His cheeks helped me to remember a flower shrubbery. They were delicate and excellent initially, yet in the event that I contacted it them, I will undoubtedly get jabbed by one of the numerous thorny thistles that graced it. He had a wide nose and paper meager lips that took cover behind his salt and pepper mustache. I used to cherish burring my face into his neck. Time had made it gotten to some degree wrinkled and sagging however I adored the inclination beyond what he would ever envision. In the event that I sat with him for a considerable length of time, I would nod off with my head laying on his shoulder. My father’s long, bristly arms and intense hands would clutch me, not having any desire to release me. His grasp was solid and guaranteed me that I wouldn’t fall, yet at the same time delicate enough not to alert me. In many cases my dad would contrast his hands with mine. On numerous events we would look at them palm to palm, and he would disclose to me that mine mirrored an individual who had never worked a day in their life. In any case, his hands helped me to remember a combat zone full scars and defects that made a somewhat harsh surface. I will always remember the smell of tobacco smoke and Old Spice that was covered somewhere down in his dress. As I would profess to be sleeping soundly, I would loosen up my head against his chest. I enjoyed the settle way it went here and there as he would breath. Incidentally he would let out a hack, which constrained me to change positions by and by. Presently my long legs appeared to be flung over the arm rest of his seat, while the remainder of my body extended over his stomach. My dad was never a heavy man, however he generally appeared to have a slight pot-paunch. It would consistently make unusual clamors that I never comprehended. I unquestionably envisioned it having its very own brain and never caring who heard it talk. At the point when he could no longer stay there and be engaged by what was on the TV screen, he would stir me and disclose to me the time had come to hit the sack. I would lay there for a moment, imagining like I was in a profound rest and couldn’t hear him. Yet, regardless of to what extent I would lie there, he could never wind up conveying me to my room and tucking me into bed. He generally made me walk. As yet claiming to be in a profound rest, I would stand up and hold up until he did likewise so I could tail him to my room. He rose gradually and was amazingly taller than he gave off an impression of being plunking down. His mature age made it clear that he could no longer remain as upstanding as he did previously, yet none the less he despite everything stood tall. As I followed gradually behind him, my eye level was about a similar tallness as his midriff. Most occasions he wore cut off Levis that uncovered two pencil slender legs. From his thighs to his lower legs the size didn’t appear to change. Appended to his thin lower legs were two size ten feet that appeared to vanish into his socks and shoes. He moved like molasses, never in a rush for anyone. He was amazingly slew footed, making each progression look more abnormal than the last, however yet no walk fit him better. When we arrived at my room, I would move in bed and fall sleeping soundly, recollecting nothing after that. My dad and I spent numerous evenings experiencing this equivalent daily practice, however as I got more established, things clearly changed. Since he has passed on, I attempt my hardest to ensure that the recollections I do have remain consistent in my brain, and don’t vanish over the long haul. What I do recall will remain with me, and I will treasure it until the end of time.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Treatment of the Heterogeneous Army by Kenneth Branagh and Lawrence Olivier in Shakespeares Henry V.

The Treatment of the Heterogeneous Army by Kenneth Branagh and Lawrence Olivier in Shakespeares Henry V. In Act III, scene ii of Shakespeare's Henry V, we see firsthand how King Henry's military is heterogeneous, comprised of men with four unique accents from four distinct districts, English, Scottish, Irish and Welch. This scene is the main time in the play when these four men from four areas all connect togetherBoth Lawrence Olivier and Kenneth Branagh present this scene diversely in their film variants of Shakespeare's play. In my paper I set out to demonstrate my speculation that Olivier's film embarks to show how the solidarity of these different people groups whose distinctions are made express, lies in their devotion to King Henry and that the attachment of these dissimilar areas is something that Henry has figured out how to accomplish, and this is normal for Henry as lord. Interestingly, Branagh's film is set up with the goal that the watcher makes some hard memories recognizing every one of these men from each other.English: Kenneth Branagh at the 2009 Roma Fiction ...In his f ilm, the crowd is intended to imagine that these men are not all that not the same as one another in any case. In Branagh's film, it is simply the demonstration of war, not Henry as a splendid lord, which ties these men together.This scene happens during the clash of Harfleur, and the four Captains are meeting to talk about the passages which are being burrowed to sabotage the stronghold at Harfleur. Irish Captain MacMorris is accountable for burrowing the channels. Welch Captain Fluellen offers Irish Captain MacMorris guidance about how to burrow legitimate channels, however MacMorris irately reveals to him that his men had to desert the undertaking. The differentiating cuts I have picked are taken from close to the finish of the scene when the Welch Captain Fluellen offers an apparently offending remark to Irish Captain MacMorris about his nation...

Friday, August 21, 2020

Storm Born Chapter Eight Free Essays

The keep resembled a cross between Sleeping Beauty’s palace and a gothic church. Towers buoyantly jumped up to inconceivable statures, making dark fixes over the night sky. We’d lost our light now, yet I could in any case observe that a ton of the windows looked just as they contained recolored glass. We will compose a custom article test on Tempest Born Chapter Eight or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now I envisioned they’d be delightful in full daylight. What's more, confining everything, obviously, were those splendid, yellow-orange trees. Volusian had revealed to me that the kingdoms’ seasons were reliant on their rulers’ impulses and could keep going for very long occasions. This was lovely, however I couldn’t envision living in a spot that was interminably pre-winter. I realized some asserted Arizona was never-endingly summer, at the same time, at that point, the individuals who said that didn’t in reality live there. The seasons were unobtrusive, however they were there. I needed to continue reminding myself I wasn’t in a wacky film as Rurik and his group drove us through turned passages lit with lights. Individuals passed, giving us inquisitive looks as they approached whatever one did in a medieval stronghold. Agitating spread. Beating workers. I truly didn’t know, and I didn’t care. I simply needed to leave. â€Å"Wait here,† Rurik disclosed to us when we arrived at a huge arrangement of twofold oak entryways. â€Å"I will address the ruler before you’re appeared into the honored position room.† Goodness. A true blue honored position room. He vanished behind the entryways, and two or three watchmen watched us yet stayed away. â€Å"Volusian,† I said delicately, â€Å"did you deliberately lead us here?† â€Å"My just reason, special lady, is to keep you alive. Being here will build your chances.† â€Å"You didn’t answer the question.† â€Å"You will likewise expand your chances,† he proceeded, â€Å"if you are pleasant to King Dorian.† â€Å"Nice? They just attacked me and took steps to assault me.† He gave me an exasperated look. â€Å"The lord will see you now,† said Rurik significantly, coming back from inside the room. He held the entryway open for us. Trumpets wouldn’t have shocked me. The position of royalty room was not what I anticipated. Certainly, there was a dais with a seat on it, much the same as in the films, however the remainder of the room was in a mess. An enormous space went through the center, for moving or parades, maybe, however the rest had a nearly relax kind of look. Little sofas, chaises, and seats were orchestrated around low tables set with cups and platters of organic product. People, again wearing kind of a goth-Renaissance style, hung themselves on the furnishings and on one another, picking inactively at the natural product as they watched me. I was placed as a top priority of the manner in which Romans used to feast. More than nobility relaxed around, nonetheless. Spirits and sprites and trowes and apparitions were likewise in participation, alongside a collection of Otherworld animals. The beasts of human envisioning, next to each other with supernatural displaced people who had moved to this world. I thought about then whether some other shaman had been this far into upper class society. I recollected Roland’s cautioning, that I could be brought directly into the core of their reality. On the off chance that lone our thoughtful had a type of academic diary. The Journal of Shamanic Assassination and Otherworldly Encounters. I could have utilized this â€Å"research† to compose a convincing article to impart to my kindred experts. Discussion dropped to a low murmur as the upper class hung over and murmured to one another, eyes on me. Smiles and glares the same lit their appearances, and I put on the vague articulation I would wear going to meet another customer. In the mean time, my heartbeat dashed into overdrive and breathing turned into somewhat troublesome. Volusian trailed close to me on one side while Rurik strolled on the other. Wil and the others moved behind us. â€Å"Why all these people?† I mumbled to Volusian. â€Å"Is he having a party?† â€Å"Dorian is a social ruler. He loves keeping individuals around, in all likelihood so he can taunt them. He keeps a full court and routinely welcomes his nobles to eat here.† We ground to a halt. On the honored position sat a man, Dorian, I assumed. He looked exhausted. He inclined toward the arm of his seat, one elbow propped on it so he could rest his jaw in his grasp. It kind of made him see us at an edge. Long reddish-brown hair, suggestive of the trees outside, stayed nearby him, featured with each shade of red and gold possible. He could have been harvest time in bodily form. He had the absolute best skin I’d ever observed in such a distinctive redhead: smooth and ivory, without any spots or ruddy shading. A shroud of woodland green velvet secured unremarkable dull jeans and a free, white button-up shirt. He had all around formed cheekbones and sensitive highlights. â€Å"Kneel before the king,† requested Rurik, â€Å"and become acclimated to being on your knees.† I gave him a wilting look. He grinned. â€Å"I’ll be glad to make you,† he cautioned. â€Å"Bah, enough. Leave her in peace,† articulated Dorian curtly. He didn’t change act. Just his eyes depicted any kind of enthusiasm for these goings-on. â€Å"If she’s been with you for the most recent hour, she merits a break. Go sit down.† Rurik’s priggishness flashed to humiliation, yet he bowed before the honored position and chilled out. That left Dorian and me gazing at one another. He smiled. â€Å"Well, come here. In the event that you won’t bow, I in any event need to get a decent glance at the ‘terrible monster’ they’ve brought to me. They all appear to be very terrified of you. I admit, I didn’t truly trust it was you when they let me know. I thought Rurik had been into the mushrooms again.† â€Å"Do you know what number of our kin she has murdered and coercively ousted, sire?† shouted Shaya from some place behind me. â€Å"She took out three in less than a moment just now.† â€Å"Yes, yes. She’s very frightening. I can see that.† Dorian took a gander at me hopefully. I shook my head. â€Å"I’m holding off on moving until you offer us hospitality.† This caused him to sit up. He continued grinning. â€Å"She’s astute as well, however, as a matter of fact, requesting friendliness before you crossed our modest edge would have been increasingly sharp still since any of my subjects could have assaulted you just now.† He shrugged. â€Å"But we’ve made it this far. In this way, let me know, Eugenie, why †er, pause. Do you incline toward Eugenie or Miss Markham?† I considered. â€Å"I incline toward Odile.† That grin jerked. â€Å"Ah. We’re as yet sticking to that, right? Great, at that point, Odile, mention to me what brings the sparkling ones’ most dreaded foe to my entryway, requesting accommodation. As you would envision, this is without precedence.† I looked around at all the watching, listening individuals. Overlook them, disregard them, an inward voice murmured. Concentrate on Dorian for the present. â€Å"I don’t truly need to discuss it before the nut exhibition. I’d somewhat meet with you in private.† â€Å"Oh.† He pitched his voice for the group. â€Å"Well, well. Odile needs to meet with me in private.† I become flushed, loathing myself for doing it. Anxious chuckling went around the room, before long becoming more grounded and progressively certain as the king’s did. Fascinating, I thought. I recalled Volusian’s remarks about Dorian, and his soldiers’ delay about his fierceness. These assembled individuals were sheep, clearly, prepared to move or giggle at Dorian’s order, yet out of nowhere I thought about whether they were sheep who additionally dreaded the impulses of their eccentric shepherd. I thought about whether I ought to be apprehensive as well. I kept my quietness, not recognizing his joke. He inclined forward, putting the two elbows on his knees, letting his jaw rest in two hands now. â€Å"If I offer you neighborliness, you should respond in kind. I’ll see that nobody hurts you in my family, however consequently, you can hurt nobody under my roof.† I looked back at Volusian. â€Å"You didn’t notice that.† â€Å"Oh, for God’s sake,† he murmured, showing an uncommon loss of tolerance. â€Å"What did you anticipate? Take it before your fast approaching passing turns out to be increasingly impending and denies me of my opportunity to murder you myself.† I turned around to Dorian. I didn’t like this new development. I didn’t like being in a home of upper class, nor did I need to be at one’s benevolence. What was I doing here once more? In my mind, I called a picture of little Jasmine Delaney, envisioning her being tormented along these lines over at Aeson’s court. Just she would be dependent upon something beyond joke. â€Å"I accept,† I said. Dorian respected me peacefully and afterward gestured. â€Å"As do I.† He gazed toward the group. â€Å"Odile Dark Swan is currently under the security of my friendliness. Any individual who to such an extent as lays a finger on her will get his own fingers slashed off and took care of back to him.† He gave the danger with as much cheer as Volusian may have. A buzz spread through the group, not so much satisfied. â€Å"What’s to shield her from breaking her oath?† I heard somebody murmur. Another said noisily, â€Å"She could kill us all!† Dorian’s eyes flicked back to me. â€Å"Did you have any thought what an animal of bad dream you are around here? Moms tell their youngsters Odile Dark Swan will want them if they’re bad.† â€Å"Hey, I don’t search them out. I possibly desire them in the event that they want me first.† â€Å"Interesting,† he stated, angling an eyebrow. â€Å"But if that’s how you like it, so be it. I generally respect ladies who comprehend what they need in the bedroom.† â€Å"Hey, that’s not what I †† I hadn’t understood the degree

Monday, June 8, 2020

Analysis of Motives and Prospects Within Essay - 3025 Words

Analysis of Motives and Prospects Within the Oli Framework a Case Study of German FDI in china (Research Paper Sample) Content: ANALYSIS OF MOTIVES AND PROSPECTS WITHIN THE OLI FRAMEWORK: A CASE STUDY OF GERMAN FDI IN CHINABy Student NameInstructorCourseDateIntroductionVarious sources (EAC. 2008 Liegsalz 2010, Peng 2010, Neuhaus 2006) show that FDI in China has been growing steadily over the years. This should not be surprising at all because China has a huge population as well as other resources that remain unexploited. In addition, the country has been pursuing open market policies for the last three decades. Additionally, the countrys efforts to woo investors have contributed to the rise in FDI (EAC. 2008 Liegsalz 2010, Peng 2010, Neuhaus 2006). Indeed, this development has also seen a rise in the number of FDI studies on China being undertaken in the last two decades. Further economic growth in China will continue to rely heavily on FDI and policy-making initiatives that will propel inward investments. FDI has numerous benefits, both for the host country and the MNE (EAC. 2008 Liegsalz 2 010, Peng 2010). FDI as well as the development of given industrial sectors is associated with a growth in infrastructure that support the modern market economy. This paper looks at the motives and prospects that have led German companies to enter into the Chinese market. The study will focus on the OLI (Ownership, Location and Internalisation) framework prosed by Dunning (1980) in understanding the motives and prospects that drive Germany companies to invest in China. Based on the analysis, a set of policy implications will be outlined to guide future efforts by German MNEs wishing to enter the Chinese market.The Importance of FDI to ChinaChina has greatly benefited from Germany in terms of the large foreign direct investments (EAC. 2008 Liegsalz 2010, Peng 2010, Neuhaus 2006). This has enabled it to be foremost in the development of industries such as the automotive sector as evidenced by German companies operating in China. According to the EAC (2008) report, German is ranked sev enth in terms of the European firms that have invested in the country. German has invested about 8 billion Euros in China through its companies. Most of the firms from Germany are in the manufacturing industry, dealing with automobiles, chemical and electrical engineering. Most of these companies, because of their expertise and technical expertise, find their way in china easily than if they would have been in their home countries. In terms of investments, the Germany contribution is 1.2 % of the total foreign direct investments. Empirical evidence point out that FDI plays an important role in the economic growth of a country as opposed to domestic investment (DeGregorio 1992). DeGregorio (1992) shows that FDI contributes as much as three times to the growth of a country compared to domestic investment. Blomstrom et al. (1992) also identified a strong link between FDI and economic growth in developing countries. Further Findlay (1978), argued that FDI increases technical knowhow and growth in the host country. This is achieved through the contagion effect as countries with advanced technologies bring it into the host country. Therefore, China gains a lot from FDI through transfers of technology, overall contribution to the countries economy provided by MNE as well as increase in manpower capabilities. For instance, Luo and Tan (1997) note that during the period 1979-1995, the Chinese government approved over 200,000 projects with total worth of about US$393.04 billion in foreign capital. These colossal amounts of money have been analysed by various researchers (Chen et al 1995) who argued that such investments played a significant role in augmenting the available resources for capital formation (Sanyal Guvenli 2000). With increased FDI ventures, domestic manufacturers have been forced into a new era where competition, occasioned by the international players, is intense. Therefore, domestic firms have to do all they can to compete with multinationals. Therefor e, china has seen numerous benefits of FDI into the countries economy.Foreign Direct Investment: A Review of the LiteratureTheoretical Approaches for Evaluating FDIMNEs have become important drivers of economic development in many countries. Indeed, several models have ben put forward to explain the level of multinational enterprises activities. These foundational frameworks range from economic frameworks (Hymer 1960, Caves 1971) and internalisation models (Buckley and Casson 1976, Rugman 1981) to the eclectic model (Dunning 1988). The reason for venturing into foreign countries can be summarized by the model put forth by Behrman (1972). This framework considers several types of MNEs, which include companies that go to foreign markets seeking resources, markets, efficiency, or capacity. Resource seeking enterprises are motivated by the fact that cheaper resources are available in the foreign country. These resources include cheap labour, cheap technology and any other resource that the company requires in its production processes.Market driven companies are those that go abroad to protect or gain new markets (Sanyal Guvenli 2000). The rationale is to chase the prospects of growth and gain more share in the market by establishing operations in a foreign country. Market-seeking companies aim to counteract the strategies of competitors or gain first mover advantages. On the other hand, efficiency-seeking MNEs take advantages of economies of scale, policies, and market structures to undertake production on a limited number of locations. Finally, strategic-focused MNEs engage in FDI to sustain or enhance their international competitiveness.Hymer (1960) opposed the perfect model of competition. The arguments put forth by Homer dealt with the firms capacity to bar competitors into the market, which formed a good background for future research on theories of FDI. It was on Hymers work that other researchers developed models to explain MNEs activities. For instance, K indleberger (1969) developed the market imperfections model, which stated that specific advantages in the foreign market are critical for thriving of the MNE. Without such advantages, it would be impossible for a company to venture abroad. Some of the advantages as proposed by Kindleberger (1969) include knowledge, economies of scale, and differentiation among others. This explains why international operations are organized in a hierarchical manner (FDI) instead of market forces as explained by classical models. The internalisation model, which is the reason why companies go abroad (Kindleberger 1969), are occasioned by market failures arising from transaction costs. The transaction costs make direct investment in subsidiaries more practicable than market contracting (Buckley 1988)The internalisation model was further refined by the eclectic model o Dunning (1980). Dunning tried to analyse the factors and determinants of FDI in terms of the OLI framework. The OLI framework stipulate s that the choice of entry mode during international expansion is influenced by three types of determinants (OLI advantages), ownership advantages of a firm, location advantages of a market, and internationalization advantages of integrating transactions within the firm (Luo 2000, p. 103). Ownership advantages are those that accrue to the MNE and which enable the company to take advantages for investing in the foreign country. Location advantages accrue to the company by investing in a certain country or location within the host country. On the other hand, internalisation benefits determine the market vis-Ã  -vis hierarchy (FDI) organisation of production.Empirical Surveys on MNEs Activity and FDI DeterminantsThe major focus in the empirical studies concerning FDI is based on the motives and prospects presented by a given country as well as the methods that companies employ in entering a new country (Sanyal Guvenli 2000). The OLI (Ownership, Location, and Internalisation) is an i mportant framework for categorising much of the empirical research on FDI. This section will summarize the OLI paradigm and use it as a lens through which to understand some of the highlights in this paper.Ownership AdvantagesAs noted by Neuhaus (2006) ownership advantages derive from knowledge-based, firm-specific assets which constitute cost advantages and lead to market power (p. 142). For instance, a firm can have advantages resulting from patents, trade secrets, managerial expertise, and trademarks among others. Peng (2010) sees ownerships as the possession and leveraging of certain valuable, rare, hard-to-imitate, and organizationally embedded (VRIO) assets overseas (p. 185). Based on these definitions, ownership advantages can be explained as those benefits that are exclusive to the investing company (Zhang and Bulcke 2000, Zhang, Felmingham 2001). Such benefits can be transferred from the home country to the host country at a low cost, thus making the investor outsmart comp etitors in the market. LocationLocation advantages that those benefits that a firm can enjoy by doing business in a certain place instead of another location (Peng 2010). Several features help a company identify a given location for its business. Some of these might include the availability of raw materials and proximity to a market for the companys products (Peng 2010). In dealing with the location aspect, numerous studies have explored such issues as the choice of the country to invest in and the location within a given country (Agarwal Ramaswami 1992). The attractiveness of a market is based on the potential that the country has to offer to the investor. Additional considerations involve the investment risks and the availability of resources in a given location. Zhao and Zhu (1998) discovered that foreign business agglomera...

Sunday, May 17, 2020

The Effect Of Professional Ethics - 788 Words

The Effect of Professional Ethics in U.S. Accounting Businesses, investors, creditors rely on accounting ethics. The accounting profession requires honesty, consistency with industry standards, and compliance with laws and regulations. The ethics increase the responsibility and integrity of accounting professionals, and public trust. Ethical requirements influence the management behavior and decision-making. The financial scandal of Enron and Arthur Anderson demonstrates the failure of fundamental ethical framework such as off-balance sheet transactions, misrepresentation of financial statements, inaccurate disclosure, manipulations with earnings, etc. The confronted accounting profession and concern for ethics in businesses forced regulators to revise the conceptual framework of the accounting processes. The professional ethics in U.S. accounting contain the following problems: - Ethical issues of financial reporting – falsified financial statements to mislead investors. - Ethical issues of earning management – manipulation of accounting records to boost the company’s stock price. - Ethical issues of external accounting – failure to correct errors and omissions due to client’s pressure and personal material interests. The research on identified problems is necessary due to vagueness of ethics concepts and their difficulty to translate, gray areas of ethical judgment, and harmful ethical conflicts. It is important to advocate ethical accounting settings to build a strongShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Having A Professional Code Of Ethics1683 Words   |  7 Pagesof Having a Professional Code of Ethics Introduction A professional code of ethics acts as a guide concerning ethical conduct in a given profession. 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Ethical standards exist to safeguard the fundamental principlesRead MoreEthical Self Ass essment1015 Words   |  5 Pages545 Teela Carmack 04/13/2015 Ethical Self-Assessment Paper Healthcare professionals are faced with ethical dilemmas frequently in the healthcare industry and they have the ability to influence patient care outcomes. Healthcare professionals face difficult choices concerning what is best for the patients and can sometimes become entangled with ethical dilemmas. Ethical decision making helps the healthcare professionals make the difficult choices when they are faced with an ethical dilemma. ThoseRead MoreCritically Evaluate Medical Ethics And Legal Issues1263 Words   |  6 PagesCritically evaluate medical ethics and legal issues Introduction Medical ethics and legal issues have been a key topic in medical field for many years now. It is important for medical professionals to understand the importance of the way we care for patients, it is therefore important to be knowledgeable and aware of the medical ethics and legal issues that govern good patient care. Health care professionals must make decisions based on ethical and legal issues to performance their regular dutiesRead MoreThe Ethics And Ethics For Smp Accountants869 Words   |  4 Pagesreviewed was Role of Independence in Ethics for SMP Accountants. The key of the abstract is to emphasize the strength of ethics and moral behavior while conducting the audit (pp. 305-306). Introduction. The author studied professional ethics and auditor independence at small and medium firms. The researcher compared ethics with values, and laid emphasis on the credibility as one of the most important ethics element (p. 306). The concept of auditor independence and ethics has significantly changed for theRead MoreA Study On Malaysian Institute Of Accountants1416 Words   |  6 Pages The Malaysian Institute of Accountants website offers viewing of the code of ethics for practicing accountants (2010). As per the website and information therein, The Malaysian Institute of Accountants set up the Ethics Standard Board in June 2009 in order to supplement the Malaysian Government’s push to promote greater integrity and ethics. The vision of the Ethics Standard Board is to adopt high quality professional and ethical standards for the accountancy profession. Their mission is to promote

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Civility As A Moral Issue - 1537 Words

34-129-01 (2014 Fall) | Callum McGill | Civility As A Moral Issue | Page 1 The idea of civility being a moral issue is a centuries old discussion. In our readings, we look at various works from the famous philosopher, who is Aristotle, as well as the theories and research by Twenge and Campbell. Aristotle discusses, in detail, the complexities of moral character, and Twenge and Campbell examine narcissism and what it is to be a narcissist. Civility, which is defined as, â€Å"acting in a cooperative way that supports the integrity and flourishing of the community for the sake of which morality exists† (Letteri, 2014), is a moral issue. A moral issue, in comparison, is defined as â€Å"an issue that involves a difference of belief and is not a†¦show more content†¦This is a very important moral issue because since children are being taught at a young age to act narcissistic, they don’t 34-129-01 (2014 Fall) | Callum McGill | Civility As A Moral Issue | Page 2 know that it is wrong. These generations truly believe that incivility is acceptable, because that is what they’ve been taught to believe. Twenge and Campbell write, â€Å"Every culture is shaped by its fundamental beliefs, and in America today there are few values more fiercely held than the importance of self-admiration. Most of us don’t tattoo our bodies, but it is tattooed onto the flesh of our body of cultural beliefs† (Twenge, and Campbell, 14). The tattoo analogy used is incredibly significant because of what the authors are trying to say. Not only does this signify the permanence of this narcissistic epidemic, shown through the permanence of a tattoo, but also through the fact that everyone is involved in this problem; not everyone gets tattoos, but self-admiration is tattooed into the fundamental beliefs of everyone in society, whether they like it or not. The permanence of this i ncivility is a very possible reality, because through the teaching of narcissistic traits at a young age, this changes an individual’s habits, which are difficult to break. The philosopher, who is Aristotle, writes, Thus, in one word, states of character arise out of like activities. This is why the activities we exhibit

Leonardo da Vinci in our life Essay Thesis Example For Students

Leonardo da Vinci in our life Essay Thesis Leonardo dad Vines contribution to the era of Renaissance The Renaissance era created an immense amount of talented scientists, artists, inventors, and philosophers who contributed great deal to the development of human race. In history it is hard to find a similar genius individual as the creator of High Renaissance art Leonardo dad Vinci. Even afterwards of research on his creations, we are still captivated by the brilliance of his works. Leonardo dad Vinci was an artist, a sculptor, an architect, a philosopher, a historian, a mathematician, a physicist, a mechanic, and an astronomer. Consider Leonardo a genius of the High Renaissance. He was undeniably way ahead of his time, and is undoubtedly one of desegregates geniuses that ever lived. He played an enormous role in the development of art and science of the High Renaissance in Italy. His creations Last Supper (495-97) and Mona Lisa (1503-06) are among the most widely popular art works of the Renaissance. The Mona Lisa painting is a good example of his work which contributed to the development of art in the Renaissance. The Mona Lisa is a portrait of a wife of a Florentine noble. She refused to smile; Leonardo even tried ring musicians but that didnt change her mind. At last, Just for a second she smiled faintly and Leonardo was able to capture it. In his drawing Leonardo masters the techniques of Suffuse and Chiaroscuro. Suffuse involves the most gradual transition from one color to another, giving it a very delicate and expressive image. As mentioned in the studies, Chiaroscuro highlights the contrast of light and shadow. In the Mona Lisa, this is most evident in the contrast between the face and the dark background. I consider the Mona Lisa his most beautiful creation. Leonardo dad Vinci highly influenced the development of science of the High Renaissance in Italy. He is considered one of the prominent contributors to the scientific discoveries of the era. Dad Vinci extended his studies into science and other subjects. For example, he drew complex models of flying machines, as he was fascinated by flight. He also attempted to build flying objects himself and designed an immense amount of mechanical devices. Based on his studies of birds, he drew a human powered ornithology, which is a wing flapping machinate would fly, mimicking the movement of a bird in flight. As a result, some of the machines that he drew on paper such as helicopters would become reality many centuries later. He also had knowledge in the studies of anatomy and was one of the first to understand the circulation of blood in the human body. There seemed to be no limit to his interests and work. Leonardo dad Vinci is one the most prominent individualists lived in the Renaissance era and contributed a vast amount of scientific discoveries and beautiful works of art which are genius and timeless. Leonardo looked far ahead of his time and influenced our generation and development of the modern world today. Leonardo dad Vinci in our life By Andrews

Monday, April 20, 2020

Marketing Plan of New Innovative Product

Morgan LIFE car 2 Morgan Life car two is a product from Morgan life Car Company which is located in Malvern, Worcestershire.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Marketing Plan of New Innovative Product – Morgan Motor Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company was started by Harry Frederick Stanley Morgan in 1910, and it was operated by its founder until his death in the late fifties (the company has since been then been run by the Morgan family, with the founder’s son taking control of the company; and afterwards, the next of kin taking over the company’s operations after the death of the boss) (Sharma 2010, p. 1). Morgan Motor Company is home to more than 150 employees and it has been producing a lot of cars in the past years, with 2007, standing out as a unique year because the company produced more than 630 cars (Sharma 2010, p. 1). The company has since then produced several ca rs, with recent developments being motivated by the â€Å"green† revolution. This revolution has seen the company produce the Morgan life car. After the launch of the first Morgan life car, Morgan Motor Company is planning to launch a later version of the car, titled: Morgan Life car two. This new product is yet to be launched in 2013, and it follows the previous version of the hydrogen-powered Morgan life car (Sharma 2010, p. 1). The new life car two is to be launched alongside another new model from the Morgan Company, but its management has withheld a lot of information regarding the specifications of the new models. However, it is known that the new Morgan life car contains specifications from its older version (which is known to be a light-weight, fuel-celled powered vehicle). The older version was launched in the 2008, Geneva motor car show, but it was never developed for commercial use, except to showcase the potential hydrogen fuel has on the future sustainability of environmentally-friendly vehicles (Sharma 2010, p. 1). The new version of the Morgan life car is however not meant for showcasing only; it is designed for commercial production as well. The previous version of the Morgan life car was built to run 250 miles on a single tank and it was also made to be fueled by hydrogen power (Sharma 2010, p. 1).Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are many institutions backing the research and development of this new motor vehicle model, with the technological knowhow supplied by QinetiQ, a technology firm from Britain; expertise from several universities including Cranfield university and University of Oxford, and financing supplied by the government of Britain (Sharma 2010, p. 1). Though the details about the new Morgan Motor car are scanty, this study develops a marketing plan for the new product to be launched in the United Kingdom (UK) market. The potential for the new product will therefore be determined after carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the market (through the use of the PEST and SWOT marketing tools). A deeper analysis will also be undertaken to evaluate the consumer trends in the UK, which will affect: the launch of the product; the market segments to be targeted; suggestions regarding product pricing; product’s distribution channels; product promotion strategies; product competition; and product differentiation strategies. Market Analysis The UK automotive industry, just like other developed markets, is swarmed by several automotive car makers. Several automotive companies have dominated the UK automotive industry with prominent players being Aston martin Land rover, range Rover and the likes (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Trade and Industry Committee 2007). For centuries, the UK automotive industry has dominated the production of motor vehicles and this fact supports the high turnover of 52.5 sterling pounds in the year 2008; coming a close second to the US automotive industry (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Trade and Industry Committee 2008). In the 1950s, the UK automotive industry was the largest exporter of motor vehicles in the world, but subsequent decades have seen the proliferation of foreign companies owning most of UK automotive brands such as Riley, Rover and Triumph. PEST Analysis The PEST analysis will be used to evaluate the political, economic, social and technological factors affecting the launch of the Morgan life car two. However, this analysis will strongly incline towards analyzing the automotive environment, as opposed to the company.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Marketing Plan of New Innovative Product – Morgan Motor Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that focus will be given to how the automotive market wor ks, as opposed to how advantaged (or disadvantaged) Morgan Motor Company is in launching the Morgan Life car two. The following analysis therefore emphasizes on the external factors affecting the launch of the Morgan life car two, as opposed to the internal factors. Political Political forces in the UK automotive industry tend to favor the liberalization of the car industry, especially after the economy was liberalized to allow for foreign participation in the UK car industry (as can be evidenced from the acquisition of several British car maker companies by foreign firms). The liberalization of the car industry in the UK is likely to affect the performance of the Morgan life car two because the product is likely to experience a lot of competition from existing (and new car makers) in the eco-friendly car market. It would therefore be no surprise if the eco-friendly car market in the UK is infiltrated with foreign car makers who aim at exploiting the existing market share (shared by Morgan life car two), by introducing other eco-friendly cars. Already, the liberalization of the economy has seen the infiltration of hybrid vehicles from foreign companies such as Japan into the UK market. However, the political environment of the UK automotive sector is also likely to support the production of more Morgan life cars into the UK market because there seems to be sufficient political power to support research and development activities in the production of the Morgan life car two. Already, the Morgan Company has established that, the government is financing research and development activities included in the production of the Morgan life car (Sharma 2010, p. 1). There has also been increased lobbying within government, in the wake of carbon emission concerns in Europe because several lobbying groups have petitioned the government not to tax car ownership, but car usage. These efforts are aimed at avoiding a possibility of hitting the poor people hardest (in terms of car ownership). Such legislative changes are bound to positively affect the sales of Morgan Life car two.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Economic The UK market poses a good market for the launch of the Morgan life car two because the economic potential of the market is high. Current statistics estimate that more than 80% of the population lives in urban areas, and the income per capita are poised to be more than the average statistics in the wider European continent (Smith 2009). These positive characteristics of the economy aim to affirm the fact that, the country’s population has a high purchasing power and therefore, it can purchase many units of the Morgan life car two, in future. In fact, it is estimated that, the country has an average gross domestic product (GDP) of 1.453 billion pounds, thereby creating a lot of potential for the purchase and sustainability of the Morgan life car two (Senior Watch 2011, p. 1). With such kind of gross domestic product, there is hope that the UK automotive market is bound to enjoy the benefits of a good economy and this is in turn expected to boost car sales. Smith (2009 ) affirms that: â€Å"Economists traditionally use GDP to measure economic progress. If GDP is rising, the economy is good and the nation is moving forward. If GDP is falling, the economy is in trouble and the nation is losing ground† (Smith 2009, p. 2). Though GDP may not always predict the standards of living within any given state, it is normally assumed that, a high standard of living means a high GDP and consequently, this means that, the population in the UK is likely to purchase more Morgan life car two if the economy performs well. The 2007/2008 economic slowdown in Europe, US and other countries, is a strong predictor suggesting that, with a poorly performing economy, the purchase of goods and services within the economy is likely to decline. A robust economy is therefore likely to boss the consumption of goods and services and car sales are likely to increase in the same regard. Social In the last century, the UK seems to have embraced car ownership as a social nece ssity (BBC 2009, p. 1). This is true because the use of cars has been perceived as an essential facilitator of daily duties. In other words, many people are now on the move and cars easily facilitate this movement. Recent statistics involving several English households still confirm the common perception that the benefits of owning a car still outweigh its disadvantages (BBC 2009, p. 1). Though the use of cars for various social and economic reasons have significantly reduced in the recent past, there is still a growing number of car purchases in the UK because car ownership has now moved from the conventional markets (adults) to new population groups (such as young people) (BBC 2009, p. 1). There is also more positive outlook in car ownership considering the increased living standards of UK citizens, especially among the poor who often used their cars less frequently. Now, with increased economic conditions, car use has improved. It is estimated that car ownership in the UK has inc reased by more than 30% in the past few years, while the UK population has increased by more than 4% (BBC 2009, p. 1). These figures imply an increase in car sales for the Morgan life car two because as UK makes the transition into eco-friendly cars, there will be a wider population group expected to make the shift. There is a clear understanding that car ownership in the UK is going to improve, but there is even more certainty that the shift form environmentally unfriendly vehicles to environmentally friendly vehicles is bound to significantly increase in the near future. This trend is bound to positively affect the car sales of Morgan life car two. Technological The UK is among the world’s leading technological powerhouse in the realization of green energy (Guardian 2010, p. 1). Though there are concerns that there is not enough government support in the realization of green energy and the development of â€Å"green† cars, there seems to be substantial technological drive in the country to support the demand for environmentally friendly goods. The Morgan life car two is a classic example of the existent technological drive of low carbon technologies in the UK because its primary purpose is to provide an eco-friendly means of transport for consumers. Due to the huge investments made in low carbon technologies, there seems to be enough public and private participation in the realization of low carbon goods. This approach has been supported by most sectors of the UK society. In this regard, the sales and production of the Morgan life car two is likely to be supported by the increased investments in low carbon technologies. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis will be used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that the Morgan Motor Company faces, with regards to the launch of the Morgan life car two. However, this analysis will strongly incline towards analyzing the company’s position regarding the success of the launch of the Morgan life car two (as opposed to the conditions posed by the automotive industry regarding the launch of the Morgan life car). The following analysis therefore emphasizes on the internal factors affecting the launch of the Morgan life car two, as opposed to the external factors. Strengths The Morgan life car two being an eco-friendly car is subject to the motions of the market of eco-friendly vehicles, worldwide. The UK automotive market has in the recent past developed a trend of purchasing eco-friendly cars due to the global concerns voiced about the use of cars with high carbon emission (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Trade and Industry Committee 2008, p. 19). Although other countries across Europe, Japan, US and several Asian economies have also joined the trend, there is tremendous growth in the purchase of eco-friendly cars in the UK. This fact is likely to increase the sales opportunities for the new Morgan life car. Since the Morgan motor company has aligned itself with this market trend, it is set to gain from increased demand for â€Å"green† vehicles. Moreover, the company is increasingly specializing in the development of new models of hybrid vehicles, starting with the first Morgan motor car and now the second Morgan motor car. This internal company specialization process is poised to make the company stand out as a leader in the development of â€Å"green† vehicles. Threats Though the Morgan Motor Company has specialized in the development of eco-friendly vehicles, there is a lot of competitive pressure coming from other companies which make eco-friendly cars. Since the world is quickly shifting its focus to eco-friendly cars, Morgan’s competitors have also embarked on developing eco-friendly cars (Hart and Tindall 2009, p. 112). This competitive pressure is bound to affect Morgan Motor Company negatively because the competitors are bound to compete for the same market share as the company. The competi tion of the Morgan life car two will majorly come from other hybrid car manufacturers. Currently, the buzz created by the Toyota Prius model in the western automotive market poses a strong competition for the Morgan life car two (International Herald Tribune 2006). Already, the Toyota Prius model has received a lot of positive press for its hybrid vehicle, even though other car manufacturers developed hybrid vehicles before the company (Toyota). Specifically, Honda and Ford developed the first electric vehicles and sports utility vehicles (respectively) before the introduction of the Toyota Prius model, but interestingly, the Toyota Prius model received a lot of commendation for its contribution to the green energy revolution (Consumer Report 2009, p. 1). The UK is no exception to this trend and many automotive consumers are still hooked on the Toyota Prius model, especially because it is expected to be cheaper than the Morgan life car two. More so, the Toyota hybrid model is poised to set the standard for hybrid vehicles across the globe as can be affirmed by the International Herald Tribune (2006) which states that: â€Å"But with a mix of creative engineering, clever promotion and fortunate timing, Toyota Motor has set the de facto standard for the entire class of eco-friendly vehicles. It has licensed its software to Ford Motor and is selling hybrid components to Nissan Motor† (Herald Tribune 2006, p. 4). The Toyota hybrid vehicle is therefore set to pose a stiff competition for the Morgan life car two. However, Toyota Motor group is not the only company expected to pose a stiff competition to Morgan motor company, a German motor company affiliated to the BMW brand, Daimler and Chrysler and General Motors is also said to be quietly developing a hybrid vehicle that is expected to take over the European and American markets by storm (International Herald Tribune 2006). The UK market is going to be no exception. Considering these dynamics, the Morgan m otor company is expected to face stiff competition from other hybrid car makers. Opportunities Due to the increased awareness of carbon emissions produced by the transport industry and other sectors of the economy, there has been an increased demand for eco-friendly cars (Llewellyn 2008). Governments are also expected to join this debate, with more authorities expected to introduce regulations regarding the use of high carbon emitting cars. The UK is no exception. The trend to purchase more eco-friendly cars has already been witnessed in most developed economies such as Japan, US and the wider European continent, with more people demanding for hybrid or electric vehicles for their daily use. With more concern being directed to the effects of environmental pollution caused by the use of fossil fuel, there is no doubt that the demand for eco-friendly cars will boom. The UK in particular is investing more money trying to come up with newer eco-friendly cars to overcome the environmenta l crisis experienced in the country, in respect of carbon emission realized from ongoing economic activities in the country. In similar style, consumers in the automotive industry are quickly searching for more efficient and eco-friendly cars. Regarding the eco-friendly nature of eco-friendly vehicles, Llewellyn (2008) reiterates that: â€Å"Eco friendly cars use electricity; green fuel like ethanol, e-85 and biodiesel; solar power; hybrid motors and even natural gas to power themselves. The eco-friendly automobiles may be hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), electric vehicles (EVs), or other eco-friendly ones† (Llewellyn 2008, p. 3). The transition from high carbon emitting vehicles into eco-friendly vehicles means that, the Morgan life car two is poised to enjoy booming sales in the UK, in the near future. This is where Morgan Motor Company seeks to gain prominence because it specializes in the production of eco-friendly cars. Moreover, since the trend to buy eco-friendly cars is only starting, Morgan Motor Company is bound to enjoy a very wide market share for eco-friendly cars. This demand projection is expected to sustain the company’s growth into the future. Indeed, this market trend poses a strong opportunity for Morgan Motor Company. Weakness A major weakness of the Morgan life car two (in the UK market) will be its expected price. Eco-friendly cars are known to be expensive and the Morgan life car two is going to be no exception (Greenfootsteps 2006, p. 1). Though there has been very little information revealed about the new Morgan life car, estimates from the previous version of the Morgan life car show that, it cost 2.5 million pounds to build the car, and the new version of the Morgan car is not expected to cost any less (Greenfootsteps 2006, p. 1). Other eco-friendly cars which have swarmed the UK market have been equally expensive, with the recent Toyota Prius costing 16,000 pounds for a unit, which is beyond the reach of many car users (Greenfootsteps 2006, p. 1). Considering the growing enthusiasm among many UK automotive consumers about eco-friendly cars, there is also an increased demand for stylish vehicles among UK’s vehicle consumers. However, many car manufacturers including Morgan Motor Company and Toyota (among others) have failed to deliver in this regard. The Morgan life car two is therefore bound to suffer increased condemnation among UK consumers because it does not have a stylish design. The following picture shows its design: Source: http://www.automotto.com/gallery/morghan-s-lifecar2/ Most of the hybrid vehicles have also suffered the same reputation, with the Toyota Pius being the latest victim of the criticism, after it was criticized for looking like a â€Å"doorstep† (Greenfootsteps 2006, p. 1). The poor design of the Morgan life car two therefore poses as a weakness of the Morgan Motor Company and it may suffer poor sales as a result. Consumer behavior Consumer behavior is like ly to impact the success or failure of the launch of Morgan life car two in the UK automotive market. In the recent past, UK consumers were known to be nationalistic, and therefore buy nationalistic brands. This is an important consumer behavior analysis because it dictates the reception of new products in the local market. Such brand receptiveness was noticed (in the past), with the success of common nationalistic brands such as British Airways (and the likes). Considering Morgan life car two is a local British brand, it is likely to be positively accepted as a nationalistic brand. UK automotive consumers have also joined the larger global consumer group of individuals demanding efficient cars and eco friendly machines. In this regard, there is a diminishing customer base of people who would want to purchase cars that are not environmentally friendly. This changing taste and preference has especially been necessitated by the fact that, there has been increased awareness among UK co nsumers of the damage carbon emission (especially through transportation) does to the environment. There has also been a small market of UK consumers who are willing to spend more money to purchase eco-friendly vehicles as opposed to cars which are not eco-friendly. As a result, companies which produce eco-friendly vehicles are expected to reap a lot of benefits from this emerging trend, and the Morgan life car two is no exception. Target Market segment Due to the expected high prices of the Morgan life car two, the primary target market for the automotive product would be high-end automotive consumers. This target market would be comprised of automotive consumers who buy luxury cars because of the similarity in price ranges (between luxury cars and Morgan life car two). Moreover, the similarity in luxury cars and Morgan life car two transcends the prices and goes into the fact that, both groups of cars are built to transcend the concept of necessity by designing desirable features into the car. For instance, luxury cars are known to have an extraordinarily high performance, or may sometimes be categorized as cars with outstanding features of comfort. In the same manner, the Morgan life car two is designed to have auxiliary features (like its eco-friendly nature), and this sets its above most ordinary cars – the same way luxury cars are different from ordinary cars. The same target market that buys luxury cars are therefore the most suitable target market for this group of vehicles (China daily 2006, p. 1). The high-end target market is majorly comprised of young consumers who have no issue paying for extra features to their vehicles, and in this regard, they make up a small niche of consumers who would not mind buying the Morgan life car two as well. This target market group will consist of sophisticated car buyers with a refined taste of efficiency and eco-friendliness. More so, young buyers will be considered part of the target market because they ar e more knowledgeable about the importance of eco-friendly cars. This is true because most environmental campaigns have been undertaken through online media and young people often frequent such media avenues. They are therefore bound to appreciate the value of eco-friendly cars, more than the elderly. Product and Its components The creation of the final Morgan life car two, involves the augmentation of different parts of the product. This point of view demystifies the common belief that, products are only tangible elements which come about as a result of designing and building the consumable elements of the products (Forsyth 2007, p. 34). In reality, products are often developed as a result of a combination of elements which surpass the consumable elements of the product. Some of these components would include the core benefits of the products; the actual product itself, and the augmented products (BBC 2011). Though not much information has been given regarding the Morgan Life car tw o, the new Morgan life car model is expected to be environmentally friendly and of high performance. Most hybrid motor vehicles are known to poorly perform. The new Morgan motor vehicle is also expected to be a vehicle like nothing else, since it is expected to weigh less than a tone, and after its shelf life, it can be recycled (because it is developed from extremely light-weight materials). The new car is expected to be an electric-diesel hybrid car  Ã¢â‚¬Å"with a range of 1000 miles; 15 mile EV range; a typical large fuel tank size of 20 gallons, which would equate to roughly 50mpg average at least. It gets a sprint from 0-60mph in seven seconds, not too impressive indeed but a mileage of 50 mpg isn’t too bad for any vehicle with quirky retro style and entertaining driving dynamics† (Sharma 2010, p. 1). Other details regarding the vehicle have not been availed by the Morgan motor company but so far, it can be confirmed that, the car will be a â€Å"fun outdoor veh icle†. These features are expected to distinguish it from other hybrid vehicles. The core benefits of the Morgan life car two will emanate from the desire among consumers to purchase goods which meet their personal requirements and the levels which the vehicle is built to meet environmental standards. This attribute defines the core benefits of the product because it will define what customers will derive from the product. The core benefits of the Morgan life car two are often synonymous with the actual product because: â€Å"the core benefits of a product are offered through the components that make up the actual product the customer purchases. For instance, when a consumer returns home from shopping at the grocery store and takes a purchased item out of her shopping bag, the actual product is the item she holds in her hand† (BBC 2011, p. 2). From this analysis, it will be important to include the augmented products of the Morgan life car two in its launch in the UK ma rket because it will be important to include additional benefits to the product to strengthen the purchase decision of a consumer (BBC 2011). Such augmented products will include the provision of guarantees, warranties, after sale services, additional complementary products, and the easy accessibility of the cars. Such information would be useful to strengthen the marketing decision of the product. Product Distribution Channels The distribution channel for Morgan life car two will incorporate several requirements which the product and its distribution channel is expected to perfect. One of such requirement is complete customer satisfaction where customers ought to be completely happy with the sort of services being offered to them (Klein 2000, p. 9). This goal should override any interest of the Morgan Company. The value chain systems will also be aimed at running successful dealership to sustain quality services to the customers. Profitable dealerships are the best way to create a strong brand loyalty for Morgan motor company. The supply chain system will also be designed to harbor a strong customer-company relationship. The product distribution channel will also be designed to have a deep market penetration, especially into the target market segment, so that the company can tap into economies of scale and therefore, be able to quickly recover its initial costs of production. Considering the product also has augmented services, the product distribution channel will also be designed to accommodate additional services such as, after sale services and other similar services identified in this study. Due to the above prevailing factors, the product distribution channel will be simple and will involve three stages: manufacturer, dealer and consumer. In this regard, the products will be produced by the company and transported to the dealerships where consumers can make purchases. To penetrate all sectors of the target market, the dealerships will be located in up-m arket regions where most sales can be made. This includes the setting up of such dealerships in urban centers and major big cities across the primary market. Product Promotion The promotion of the Morgan life car two will majorly depend on the pull strategy because the demand for the product will be driven by the consumer need to purchase eco-friendly vehicles (Learn Marketing 2011, p. 1). Often, companies which have pursued this strategy incur a lot of costs trying to create demand for their products, but the positive aspect about the Morgan life car two is that, a lot of publicity is already given to it by environmental organizations and media buzz that goes around the use of high carbon emitting vehicles. However, since the product will be relatively new in the market, a certain degree of advertising and consumer awareness will have to be undertaken through television media and online marketing to create awareness about the product, and more specifically, to explain the unique fe atures of the product (Simchi-Levi 2003, p. 125). After considerable awareness is created, it will be expected that consumers will demand these products from their dealers and dealers will in turn demand the product form the Morgan Company. This marketing strategy has been successfully used in the sale of toys, in the British market, by driving up demand through children television shows and afterwards, a surge in demand for the toys is envisaged, where children ask their parents for the toys and the parents consequently demand the toys from the shops. In the case of the Morgan life car two, if the eco-friendly nature of the Morgan life car is highly publicized through television and online media, the product demand is expected to increase. Product Pricing Strategy Pricing is an important component of the Morgan life car two. Its importance is especially noted from the fact that, the pricing of the product is crucial in the product positioning strategy of the company (Brassington, P ettitt 2006). Moreover, the pricing strategy is bound to affect the product distribution and marketing strategies. The product pricing strategy is fixed on the framework of a high-end consumer group. In this market segment, there will be minimal elasticity in the pricing demand curve. This means that, with an increase in product pricing, the demand will not be affected. This observation will be observed because this target market is not bound to be motivated by monetary savings, but the value for money, or the product’s features (Kotler 2010). Calculating the cost of the Morgan life car two will be dependent on the fixed and variable costs of the product. Its expected price is expected to be more than 2.5 million pounds. This price is subject to the competitive pressures from other car manufacturers. Since it is expensive to build the Morgan life car, the pricing strategy from the Morgan life car will be profit maximization. Conclusion This study identifies that the Morgan li fe car two is a unique vehicle. Its target market will be upscale automotive consumers. Also, from the SWOT and PEST analyses, we see that, the company stands better odds of succeeding in the UK market, especially considering there is good government support and a thriving economy, at least which supports the sales of such vehicles. However, the biggest threat to stand in the way of Morgan life car two’s launch is the lingering strong competition from other hybrid car makers. This competitive force ought to be effectively tackled through anti-competitive strategies. References BBC. (2009) Car Ownership Up As Mileage Falls (Online) Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8007798.stm . BBC. (2011) Product Analysis and Design. (Online) Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/resistantmaterials/designanalysisevaluationrev1.shtml . Brassington, F., Pettitt, S. (2006) Principles of marketing. London, Prentice Hall. China daily. (2006) High-End Consu mers Drive up Luxury Sales (Online) Available at: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2006-07/01/content_630824.htm . Consumer Report. (2009) 2010 Toyota Prius Fuel Economy vs. Competition (Online) Available at: http://news.consumerreports.org/cars/2009/03/2010-toyota-prius-fuel-economy-vs-competition.html   . Forsyth, P. (2007) Demystifying Marketing: A Guide to the Fundamentals for Engineers.  New York, IET. Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Trade and Industry Committee. (2007)  Success and Failure in the UK Car Manufacturing Industry: Fourth Report of Session 2006-07, Report, Together With Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence. London, the Stationery Office. Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Trade and Industry Committee. (2008)  Future of Uk Manufacturing: Oral And Written Evidence. London, the Stationery Office. Greenfootsteps. (2006) Hybrid Car Disadvantages You May Want to Consider. (Online) Available at: http://www.greenfootsteps.com/hybrid -car-disadvantages.html . Guardian. (2010) UK Warned Not to Abandon Low-Carbon Technology Drive (online) Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jul/19/uk-invest-low-carbon-technology . Hart, P., and Tindall, K. (2009) Framing the Global Economic Downturn: Crisis Rhetoric  and the Politics of Recessions. New York, ANU E Press. International Herald Tribune. (2006) Competition for Toyota’s Hybrids (Online) Available at: http://www.motortrend.com/auto_news/112_news68/index.html . Klein, S. (2000) Cybermediation in Auto Distribution: Channel Dynamics and Conflicts  (Online) Available at: http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol5/issue3/kleinselz.htm . Kotler, P. (2010) Principles of Marketing. London, Pearson. Learn Marketing. (2011) Promotion Strategies (Online) Available at: http://www.learnmarketing.net/promotion.htm . Llewellyn, B. (2008) Green Jobs: A Guide to Eco-Friendly Employment. London, Adams Media. Senior Watch. (2011) Socio-Economic Environment: United Kingdo m (Online) Available at: http://www.seniorwatch.eu/country/united_kingdom/Socio-econenvir%28UK%29.htm . Sharma, V. (2010) Morgan’s LIFEcar 2 Diesel-Electric Hybrid promises 1,000miles  range Per Tank (Online) Available at: http://www.automotto.com/entry/morgan-s-lifecar-2-diesel-electric-hybrid-promises-1000miles-range-per-tank/ . Simchi-Levi, D. (2003) Designing and Managing the Supply Chain: Concepts,  Strategies, and Case Studies. London, McGraw Hill Professional. Smith, L. (2009) High GDP Means Economic Prosperity, or Does It? (Online) Available at: http://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/08/genuine-progress-indicator-GPI.asp#axzz4x8gHtJQW This coursework on Marketing Plan of New Innovative Product – Morgan Motor Company was written and submitted by user Isabela Blackwell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, March 15, 2020

American dream amer Essay example

American dream amer Essay example American dream amer Essay example Raven Des Jardins H. American Lit essay 8/22/14 My Antonia vs. American Dream Willa Cather's My Antonia tells the story of Antonia Shimerda, a Bohemian immigrant growing up in early twentieth-century rural Nebraska. The story is told through the perspective of a boy named Jim Burden, in the form of a memoir featuring random memories having to do with Antonia. To Jim, Antonia is the symbol of his youth. He sees her as full of energy and life, and is perhaps drawn to her because of this, to fill a gap in his quiet, observational personality. The story focuses on Antonia, and her struggles as an immigrant woman struggling to balance her goal to get as much out of life with the poverty she is caught in. Antonia's family emigrates to Nebraska from their country Bohemia and buys a small homestead for an exorbitant price, and only knows one person in the country who speaks their language. Her family has almost nothing, and the first we are told of the Shimerdas is: "They can't any of them speak English, except one little girl, and a ll she can say is 'We go to Black Hawk, Nebraska.'" (18). Antonia, however, sets out to learn with a vengeance. She devours knowledge during English lessons from Jim, and the two form a friendship. Her life was apparently not meant to be easy, however. Antonia had always been close with her father, and, following his suicide, she is devastated. It had been a difficult winter for the family, and without her father the family is rudderless. Antonia's older brother, Ambrosch took over for the family, and instead of going to the nearby country school, Antonia worked in the fields with her brother. She lamented this loss of education, for her father had had quite a bit of higher education and Antonia looked up to him even after his death. She continued to try her hardest to impress her brother though, and to do as much labor as she can. She quickly becomes boastful about her farming skills, and the muscle she has built. She seems to have lost her vivacious charm that was so entr ancing to Jim when he first met her, and during a visit to Jim's, he asks her why she is always trying to be someone other than herself. Antonia, just a teenager, replies "If I live here, like you, that is different. Things will be easy for you. But they will be hard for us." (124). At her young age Antonia already knows the challenges of being European immigrants in the newly settled country, equality is something she knows she will never have fully. The American Dream may be an image everyone has in their heads, but for some it is harder to achieve than others, even impossible due to prejudices. Antonia has lived in America only for several years and already been a firsthand witness to this injustice. The tale of Antonia continues through Jim's high school career, when his family moves into the nearby town so that Jim can have an education. The same year, the Shimerdas can no longer feed themselves, and so Antonia is sent to work as a hired girl and send her wages back to h er family. The house that hires Antonia is coincidentally next to Jim's new house, and so the saga continues. Conflict arises when Antonia begins to frequent the dancing halls. Though she is considered rough by many of the more refined townsfolk, she develops a passion for dancing and takes every opportunity she can get to go, and this upsets the people that have hired her as a live-in servant girl. The problem is that Antonia's dancing with many different partners has given her a reputation, and the family felt as though it would come back to them negatively. Rather than quit, Antonia goes to work for another house that doesn't care. Even when faced with resistance, Antonia chooses to follow the path she wishes, embodying

Friday, February 28, 2020

What's a good solution to the problem of bullying Stopping Mean Girls Essay

What's a good solution to the problem of bullying Stopping Mean Girls From Taking Over the Playground - Essay Example Both authors agree that the problem is made worse by parents who enable their daughters and take pride in their being â€Å"top dog† in schools and the playground. These parents are actually missing the point. Their daughters are not growing up to be empowered individuals because they do not live in a world where a check and balance exists with punishements for grevious acts such as playground or school bullying that leads another little girl to take her own life. Mean girl bullying is a real problem that has yet to find a workable solution. Through this paper, I would like to present certain suggestions as to how the problem might be best dealt with with or without the cooperation of the parents of the bully / mean girl. According to Jessica Bennett, the problem of mean girl behavior has gotten so out of hand lately that, due to the fact that it has already caused the deaths of a number of young girls through suicide, authorities should consider turning bullying resulting in death into a crime. Maybe with a punishment of 10 years in jail (Bennett, Jessica â€Å"From Lockers to Lock-Up†). Due to the behavior of the girls involved in the Pheobe Prince case, she might be suggesting an action that makes sense. However, before judgement is passed upon the mean girl, one should first look at the history of the mean girl in order to find out if she is merely acting out or actually beyond help. Maybe the relational agression that is being displayed has something to do with the family life of the girl. According to sources at the website KidsHealth, most bullies come from: ... families where everyone is angry and shouting all the time. They may think that being angry, calling names, and pushing people around is a normal way to act. Some bullies are copying what they've seen someone else do. Some have been bullied themselves (â€Å"Dealing with Bullies†). Taking a cue from that statement, it is important for school authorities, specially the guidanc e counselors to keep an open line of communication with the mean girls or bullies in order to determine the source of aggression. Since women are more docile in nature, even when with peers of her own age, and tend to be more influenced by their mothers actions, it is quite possible that the victim and mean girl are acting out roles based upon their own mother's actions and advice. In which case, it is important to inform the girls about the repercussions of their actions and the fact that no girl is expected to act in the same manner as their mothers. The school authorities should also ensure that anti-bullying programs are in place in school as well. Perhaps reimposing classes in good manners and right conduct are in order. Such classes teach students the proper way to treat one another and their elders as opposed to the â€Å"Kardashian† type of treating one another or even the â€Å"Gossip Girl† type of friendships. Since most of these girls are easily influenced b y the entertainment media, most specially the reality shows, they should be taught to tell the difference between reality and â€Å"entertainment reality† â€Å"Growing Old Younger† may be the hip word among the girls these days but just because they know how to act mature does not mean they are mature. They are totally unprepared for real life and think that by play acting, in the same manner that the television shows portray, they are actually aging faster (Paul, Pamela â€Å"The Playground Gets Even Tougher†). The Girl Scouts of America actually have an anti-bullying program that could benefit the public and private schools called â€Å"Be a Friend First† (BFF). This program teaches young girls to stand up for one another with bullies and encourages them to become part of the solution to the mean girl problem by using tools that

Wednesday, February 12, 2020

THE VERMONT COMPANY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE VERMONT COMPANY - Assignment Example Comparing the industry’s financial ratios with the ratios of Vermont Company reveal similarities hence an implication that the company is doing fairly with respect to the industry’s current situation. The accountant is therefore not justifiably concerned. Should the bank call or demand immediate repayment of the loan, then the Vermont Company has the option of taking a short borrowing from another bank or selling more shares in the market to increase the share capital of the company. g. Assuming that instead of disposable paper and plastic products that the business sells automobiles to individuals, this change in the industry would alter my recommendations. This is because different industries are affected by different factors and economic situations. Therefore, considering the fact that the disposable paper and plastic products industry is very different from the automobiles industry, the recommendations would definitely

Friday, January 31, 2020

Business Plan for a Real Estate Business in Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

Business Plan for a Real Estate Business in Bangladesh Essay It will make good quality flats for clients to live and enjoy lot more exclusive facilities. All these will be available at a very reasonable price. Since we believe in economies of scale. Slogan: â€Å"feel like living on heaven in every moment† Financing: To start up the business, Tk. 20 crores will be required, some additional needs to be financed by the bank. The loan will be repaid by five years. Confidentiality: This Business Plan is strictly confidential and is the property of the co-owners mentioned above. Any reproduction of the material inside will result is strictly prohibited. There has always been a good demand in the real estate market, and as the income level of the people of Bangladesh grows, that demand is surging even further. People want to buy unique, good-looking and attractive flats, but they want a good value for their money as well. That’s where we come in. We offer excellent quality flats, at reasonable prices. Another uniqueness of our business is that we have a separate line of apartments for office/bank use only. There is currently no such real estate companies in Bangladesh that offers an exclusive line of apartments. Therefore, in this segment, we can enjoy the benefits of being an oligopolist. On the other hand, we have the business-to-business prospect. Due to good economic growth, apartments are on the rise. Raihan with share of profit and loss according to ratio of equity invested. Together, we have gathered the necessary expertise required to run a real estate business. Initially, we will of course incur losses, but we plan to make profits in the fourth or fifth year. Real Estate Industry Analysis Industry Analysis: Real estate is a fixed, tangible and immovable asset in form of houses or commercial property. Real estate market involves developing, renting, selling/purchasing and renovating of these assets (houses). Market participants includes o Developers (contractors, engineers, and so on), o Facilitators (mortgage companies, real estate brokers, banks, anagement agents and so on), owners, renters (leasers) Each product (house) is unique in terms of buildings, location, and financing thus market has heterogeneous products. Transaction costs are high and the process is usually long. Though there are mobile homes, but the land underneath is till immobile, real estate is an immovable asset. Market Segmentations: The main factor that affects demand in real estate industry is demographic features. The demographic variables include population size and growth, cultural background, beliefs. However, other factors like income, price of housing, cost and availability of funds, consumer preference, supplier’s preference, price of substitutes and compliments. Future Outlook: One of the most startling statistics regarding real estate in this country, and a fact few people even realize, is that big portion of land in the Bangladesh is held either by the Government or is being used for agricultural purposes. The total farm area comprises about 62% of the total geographical area, forest area accounts for 15%, Perennial water 11% and urban area only 01%. The physical landscape is characterized by small arable fields. There are over 11 million farm holdings with more than 65 million fragments. The pattern of land ownership is highly skewed. 5% for the families having land above 7. 2 acres own 26% of the land and 70% of the families having land below 2. 5 acres own only 29% of the land. The per capita availability of crop land is at present only 0. 24 acre. Land utilization statistics indicate that 54% of the net cropped area is single cropped and area under double and triple cropping account for 72% of the gross cropped area. 20% of the total cropped areas have irrigation facilities. Yield is low i. e. rice -0. 703 metric ton per acre. Annual food deficit ranges between 1. 5 2. 0 million metric tons. Frequent natural calamities like cyclone, flood, drought, tidal bore etc. add to the shortfall of crops and livestock. What this means is that only few portion of the country is available to support all residential and commercial uses. This equates to nearly 1800 people per square mile of land by 2020. Despite the mortgage crisis and resulting financial meltdown of the last several years, these statistics seem to indicate that owning real estate in Bangladesh will continue to be a wise investment. In the very basic economic sense, there is no more land being created (limited supply) and more population density every day (increased demand). ? Economy: Growth in FY2010 was better than expected in April 2010 in Bangladesh, as a pickup in domestic demand neutralized the impact of weak expansion in exports. Inflation came in below the April projection, and the current account surplus was higher. For FY2011, this Update retains the outlook of a moderate uptick in growth, but with a slightly lower forecast for inflation and a larger fall in the current account surplus. To raise growth prospects, power and gas shortages need to be eliminated and reforms accelerated. More fundamentally, political stability will be critical to boosting growth. The bank’s Monetary Policy Statement (MPS), issued in July 2010, indicated that there may have been some diversion of private credit into consumer spending and into speculative investments in the stock market and real estate. . So we are expecting that, the economic condition in Bangladesh will be much better for business. If we also consider the given figures the scenario will be clear more.

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Paulo Freires The Banking Concept of Education Essay -- Paulo Freire

Paulo Freire's The Banking Concept of Education In his essay â€Å"The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education†, Paulo Freire condemns the current beliefs about education, and argues strongly to support his own, new, and somewhat radical ideas about how he believes education should work. It is clear from his writing that he wishes to convey very strong feelings in this essay. At the very beginning, after a very brief description of the â€Å"current† education, he states that â€Å"education is suffering from narration sickness† (212), and later continues to say that in our current system â€Å"[words] become a hollow, alienated, and alienating verbosity† (212). These statements, especially at the very beginning of the author’s analysis, convey an amount of animosity toward the current system. This type of beginning already tells us about the author’s feeling as being of a very strong opinion about his beliefs, enough to denounce the opposing side at the start, and do so in harsh langu age. After such a commencement, the author goes on for most of the work indulging in logical proof that the current system of education is not correct, but his ideas are. He does so in numerous ways, starting with making parallel’s between the students and the oppressed races of the world, and the teachers with the tyrants who wish to annul any personal desires of the students. He demonstrates this in several logical progressions, confirming that â€Å"the capability of banking education to minimize or annul the students’ creative power ... serves the interests of the oppressors† (214). The author tries to make parallels in the readers mind, which, being human, is against all that bears the name of â€Å"evil†, â€Å"oppressor†, and the such, to get the reader to feel remorse for the c... .... Here the complex structure and the almost-paradoxical ideas of a scientist are obvious. However, the next few sentences are : â€Å"They become jointly responsible for a process in which all grow. In this process arguments based on ‘authority’ are no longer valid; in order to function, authority must be on the side of freedom, not against it† (218). In a sudden shift of style, the author engages the reader in less of complex logic, but more of slogan-based thinking, in which he starts to use words like â€Å"authority†, â€Å"freedom† and â€Å"jointly responsible†. Both styles merged create a text which seems universally attractive - as to the science-oriented logical mind, as well as to the less complex person who wishes to see catchy words to captivate his imagination. Works cited : Paulo Freire, The â€Å"Banking† Concept of Education, Ways of Reading, (Boston,1996), p.212-223.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Boiler Room

Boiler Room Boiler room is a story about a college dropout name of Seth. He likes the feeling of earning fast money, therefore he decided to quit school and start an underground casino in his apartment with a few of his friends. However, his father, who is a federal judge, finds out about the casino. His father then commends him to close down the casino and search for a real job. Seth wants to regain respect and approval from his father, and fortunately he got introduce to a stockbroker company J. T. Marlin. Seth has a great talent in this job and he becomes the best trainee in the firm. He works under the senior brokers, and starting to adapt to the â€Å"Always be closing† philosophy, which means he never take no as the answer and will keep convincing the customers until he objective is reached. Very soon, Seth becoming a successful broker and neglect all the unethical issues he is committing. He not only sells stocks to the rich â€Å"whales†, he also drags the poor workers that can barely afford a new house into the scam. Unfortunately, Seth discovers the truth about the numerous stocks sold by the firm and realizes J. T. Marlin is a boiler room that sells non-profitable stocks. And start to realize that all these times he is forcing customers to buy something that they don’t want or cannot afford. There are quite a few of unethical dilemmas throughout the movie. First of all, Seth and his firm are selling non-profitable stocks to rich people that are interested in high return investment. Moreover, J. T. Marlin teaches their employees to tell untrue statement about the stock and the company in order to attract the clients’ interest toward the stocks. The drug that helps infants to develop is one of the examples they mention in the movie. Also, at the middle of the movie, once the brokers see the rip increase, they will try to push the customers even harder in order to make a fortune for themselves. Furthermore, the more skillful Seth becomes, the more we can see Seth is using different powerful persuasive techniques in order to catch the attention of the clients. On the other hand, it is very unethical for Seth to drag the poor people into buy stock that will never be profitable, because they are selling stock for companies that don’t exist. However, there is still an ethical side of Seth. For example, he tries to protect his father from losing his job due to try to help Seth from trying to get back J. T. Marlin. He also agrees to work with the FBI to raid J. T. Marlin so that no more victims will fall into their scams. And most of all he helps Harry, the poor investor, to get his life saving back in the end. So it is nice to see Seth changes his mind and try to become clean in the end.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Essay on Motivation and Strength - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1599 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Essay on Motivation and Strength According to Landy and Becker (1987), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the psychological meaning of motivation is the internal mental state of a person which relates to the initiation, direction, persistence, intensity, and termination of behaviourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The internal force or desire that drives an individual towards the achievement of a fixed goal. Since, motivation alone is not enough to achieve a goal, ability is needed for a motivated individual to accomplish a given task. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Essay on Motivation and Strength" essay for you Create order Therefore, ability is the knowledge or capacity of executing a task. Ability is strength. Linley (2008), suggests that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“strength is a pre-existing capacity for a particular way of behaving, thinking, or feeling that is authentic and energising to the user, and enables optimal functioning, development and performance. The aim of this essay is to demonstrate how needs motivate individuals and affects their behaviours. Ability is what you are capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do and how you do it. Motivation is the process that explains how and why human behaviour is directed and affected (Latham, 2007). There are two types of motivation, intrinsic, the internal factors such as desire to work hard and the reward for working hard and the satisfaction to have accomplished something (wood et al, 2006). For example, if a manager announces that the hardest working employee will be crowned the employee of the month. It will trigger in an individual the desire to always finish and submit a task before the given time so as to be nominated as an employee of the month. Extrinsic motivation, external factors such as money, holidays and other tangible incentives. And it can be caused by the desire of an individual to achieve a certain aim. When an individual is satisfied by external factors, it can be said that he/she is extrinsic motivated (Osterloh Frey, 2000 p.539). The main theories of motivation are content theory and process theory. The content theory explains the reason for a motivated behaviour; that is, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  causes it. A content theory would explain behaviour aspects in terms of specific human needs or specific factor that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“driveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  behaviour (Henry, Tosi and Mero, 2000 p.129). For example, I am motivated to study for a degree or Jude is working hard to gain promotion. The desire to achieve a goal or something that affects an individual behaviour. Four major content theori es of motivation are: Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Hierarchy of needs theory, Herzbergà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s motivation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" hygiene theory, Alderferà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ERG theory and McClellandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory. According to Maslow A. (1943), human needs can be categorised into five categories: (1) Physiological needs, are those primary needs required for survival like physical well-being food air clothing. (2) Safety needs reflect a desire for protection against loss of shelter, food and other basic requirements for survival. (3) Social needs such as affiliation, love and affection the need for family. (4) Esteem needs the desire to be respected by others and for a positive self-image. (5) Self-actualisation needs personal growth, individual desire to do what he or she has the potential of doing. The basic needs must be fulfilled before moving to next level of need. Physical well-being must be provided before anything else can assume importanc e for a person. A person in real life must eat, breathe air before he can tend to move to another level of hierarchy needs. If a person is threatened or sick advancement to the next level of needs will be ignored until the issue is resolved. Higher order needs are unimportant unless the lower order needs are satisfied. According to Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory a person is not motivated by a need that is satisfied. Alderferà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1972), classified Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory in three categories of basic needs. They are existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs (ERG Theory). Existence needs summarised Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s physiological needs and security needs for material needs. Relatedness needs encompass security needs for interpersonal matters, affiliation and needs of an interpersonal nature. Growth needs concentrate on the need to confirm personal esteem and self-actualization Similar to Maslowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory, ERG theory suggests that unsatisfied need does not arouse the desire for higher-order needs. According Miner (1980), ERG theory states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the less relatedness needs are fulfilled, the more existence needs will be desired. And the less growth needs are fulfilled, the more relatedness needs will be desiredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This means that if a person is not able to satisfy the higher order needs, he/she will focus on the lower order needs, that is, he/she will regress on the need hierarchy. Herzberg (1959), considers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hygiene and motivating factors in determining productivity and is called the two-factor theory. Hygiene factors are job contextual. They are satisfiers and not motivators and their absence create dissatisfaction.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The presence of hygiene factors are satisfying and motivating because motivating factors are associated with the content of the job. According to McClelland (1965) , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the two important concepts that underlie achievement-power theory are: Motive and The force of motives on behaviour. Motives are affectively toned associated networks arranged in a hierarchy of strength and importance within a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Motive has a big effect on behaviour and can generate the following needs: the needs for achievement, the need for power and the need for affiliation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Achievement motive is extent to which success is important and valued by a person. The strength of motive is related to socialization experiencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Heckhausen, 1967). The need for power having the desire to influence and control others and the environment. The need for affiliation, motive to develop and maintain close and meaningful relationships. Motivation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The Process Theories According to Tosi et al (2000), Process theories of motivation deals with how changes occur in behaviour without much emphasis on the specifi c factors (or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“contentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) that causes behaviour. The process theories include the following: Reinforcement theory Expectancy theory Equity theory Goal-setting theory Organisational justice theories The four types of reinforcement consequences are: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction. Positive reinforcement recompenses desirable behaviour. When a positive behaviour is rewarded with incentives like promotion, end of year bonus or salary increase, the individual tend to repeat the desired behaviour. Avoidance is trying to show an employee the result of an improper behaviour which he/she will not experience if behaved otherwise. Extinction is mainly ignoring the behaviour of a dependent and not providing either positive or negative reinforcement. Punishment using a negative action to prevent reoccurrences of an improper behaviour. Rewards can be extrinsic when external factors such as money, fringe benefits or job security are used as rewarding elements. Intrinsic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" internal satisfaction outcome from doing work. Satisfaction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude about work situation. Expec tancy theory according to Vroom (1964), deal with the idea that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“when you put an effort to a work, the outcome will be that you desire. Equity theory basically when an employee compares the outcome of his input and output with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities. Equity theory states that people are motivated to maintain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fair relationship with others and to rectify unfair relationship by making them fairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Baron, 1983). Goal-setting is based on a simple premise: performance is caused by a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intention to perform (Locke et al; 1981). Goals are what a person is trying to accomplish or intends to do, and according to this theory, people will do what they are trying to do (Locke, 1968). Organisational justice theory procedural justice is the extent to which people believe they are treated fairly in terms of how decisions are made about things that affect them in the work. And distributi ve justice is the degree to which people believe that they are treated fairly and equitably with respect to work outcomes. According to Aristotle strength is the best thing in us and things we are good at. There are two approaches of study of strength and they are: Strength Based Approach by Linley Positive Psychology by Seligman Linley (2006) focuses on what is right, what is working and what is strong. That strengths are part of our basic human nature, therefore every person has strength and deserves respect for their strength. Our areas of greatest potentials are in the areas of our greatest strength. We succeed by fixing our weakness only when we are also making the most of our strength. Therefore, using our strength is the smallest thing we can do to make the biggest difference. Seligman (2000) observed an imbalance in psychology research as it focused more in the negative side of personal psychology. That positive psychology is about well-being, contentment and satisfaction (in the past); hope and optimum (for the future); and flow and happiness (in the present). The positive and development state of an individual are characterised by high self-efficacy, optimum, hope and resiliency. According to Snyder (1995) hope is a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s desire to achieve a goal (agency) and ability to e nvision varied options to achieve their goal (pathway). Peterson and Seligman identified the 24 strengths or character traits which can benefit happiness and wellbeing. According to Seligman we can identify our signature strength and use these regularly in our lives. The 24 character traits are divided into groups of six distinti virtues as follows: Wisdom and knowledge (creativity, curiosity, judgement, love of learning, perspective) Courage (bravery, perseverance, honesty, zest) Humanity (love, kindness, social, intelligence) Justice (teamwork, fairness, leadership) Temperance (forgiveness, humility, prudence, self-regulation) Transcendence (appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude, hope, humour, spirituality) In conclusion Landy, f.J. and Becker, W.S. 1987: Motivation theory reconsidered. In L.L. Cummings and B.M. Staw (eds) Resarch in Organisation Behavvior, 9th edn, Greenwich, CT: JAI press, 1-38. Tosi, H., Mero, N. and Rizzo, J. (2000).Managing organizational behavior. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell. Maslow, A.H. 1943: A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-96 1